Just over 400 years ago a bunch of Catholics decided to assasinate King James and much of the Protestant aristocracy by blowing up the Houses of Parliament during the State Opening of Parliament on the 5th November.
They did this by putting barrels of gunpowder in the cellars of Parliament (which in those days could be rented out), and planned to set it alight.
Unfortunately one of the conspirators had some connection with one of the mp's and so wrote him a letter warning him not to go to Parliament that day, this letter was then handed to the King who ordered a search of the houses of parliament and the cellars.
When the cellars were searched they found a man called Guy Fawkes (one of the main conspirators) in the cellar with a lit torch and other stuff ready to light it.
Guy Fawkes was then taken to the Tower of London and tortured before being made to sign a confession (with help i think, at that point i believe he had been tortured so much he could barely hold a quill) and being sentenced with being hanged, drawn and quartered for the crime of high treason against the king.
The other conspirators were either killed or caught and given the same sentence.
Guy and at least one other were hung, drawn and quartered, i believe their heads were then stuck on London Bridge.
Ever since then on the 5th November we celebrate the failed attempt by burning an effigy of Guy Fawkes on a bonfire, and now we also let off fireworks, also, ever since the Houses of Parliament have been searched by the Yeomen of the Guard before the State Opening of Parliament.